Similarly, ei0=cos(0)+isin(0)=1, and it's a quick check to see that eiπ=−1, which leads to a simple equation involving the most famous numbers in mathematics (except 8), truly an all-star equation:
If z=x+yi and (x,y) has polar form (r,θ) then z=reiθ is called the polar form of z. The non-negative scalar |r| is the modulus of z, and the angle θ is called the argument of z, denoted arg(z).
On the left side of the following diagram, we plot the points z=2eiπ/4,w=3eiπ/2,v=−2eiπ/6,u=3e−iπ/3.
To convert z=−3+4i to polar form, refer to the right side of the diagram. We note that r=√9+16=5, and tan(α)=4/3, so θ=π−tan−1(4/3)≈2.21 radians. Thus,
Modify the all-star equation to involve 8. In particular, write an expression involving e,i,Ï€,1, and 8, that equals 0. You may use no other numbers, and certainly not 3.