\begin{tikzpicture}
                \tkzDefPoint(-1,0){p}
                \tkzDefPoint(1,0){q}
                \fill[color=blue!20](0,0) circle (1cm);
                \fill[color=white](.5,0) ellipse (.5cm and .1cm);
                \draw[arrowMe=stealth](q) arc(360:180:.5cm and .1cm) node[below]{\(c\)};
                \draw (.5,0) ellipse(.5cm and .1cm);
                \draw[arrowMe=stealth](q) arc(0:180:1cm);
                \draw[arrowMe=stealth](p) arc(180:360:1cm);
                \tkzDrawPoints(p,q)
                \draw (90:1.3) node{\(a_2\)};
                \draw (270:1.3) node{\(a_2\)};
                \begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
                \tkzDefPoint(-1,0){p}
                \tkzDefPoint(1,0){q}
                \fill[color=blue!20](0,0) circle (1cm);
                \fill[color=white](-.5,0) ellipse (.5cm and .1cm);
                \draw[arrowMe=stealth](p) arc(180:360:.5cm and .1cm) node[below]{\(c\)};
                \draw (-.5,0) ellipse(.5cm and .1cm);
                \draw[arrowMe=stealth](q) arc(0:180:1cm);
                \draw[arrowMe=stealth](p) arc(180:360:1cm);
                \tkzDrawPoints(p,q)
                \draw (90:1.3) node{\(a_1\)};
                \draw (270:1.3) node{\(a_1\)};
                \end{scope}
                \draw (1.5,-1.6) node{(a)};
                  \begin{scope}[yshift=-3.4cm]
                    \tkzDefPoint(1,1){a}
                    \tkzDefPoint(0,0){o}
                    \tkzDefPoint(1,-1){b}
                    \tkzDefPoint(1.4,1){a*}
                    \tkzDefPoint(1.4,-1){b*}
                    \tkzDefPoint(2.4,0){o*}
                    \fill[color=blue!20] (a) to (o) to (b) to [bend left=20] (a);
                    \draw[arrowMe=stealth] (a)--node[left]{\(a_2\)} (o);
                    \draw[arrowMe=stealth] (o)--node[left]{\(a_2\)} (b);
                    \draw[arrowMe=stealth] (b) to [bend left=20] (a);
                    \draw (.6,0) node{\(c\)};
                    \fill[color=blue!20] (a*) to (o*) to (b*) to [bend right=20] (a*);
                    \draw[arrowMe=stealth] (o*)--node[right]{\(a_1\)} (a*);
                    \draw[arrowMe=stealth] (b*)--node[right]{\(a_1\)} (o*);
                    \draw[arrowMe=stealth] (b*) to [bend right=20] (a*);
                    \draw (1.8,-.1) node{\(c\)};
                    \tkzDrawPoints(a,o,b,a*,b*,o*)
                    \draw (1.2,-1.6) node{(b)};
                  \end{scope}
                    \begin{scope}[xshift=6cm,yshift=-2.3cm]
                      \fill[color=blue!20](0,0) rectangle (2,2);
                      \draw (0,0) rectangle (2,2);
                      \draw[arrowMe=stealth](0,0)--node[below]{\(a_1\)} (2,0);
                      \draw[arrowMe=stealth](2,2)--node[above]{\(a_2\)} (0,2);
                      \draw[arrowMe=stealth](0,2)--node[left]{\(a_2\)} (0,0);
                      \draw[arrowMe=stealth](2,0)--node[right]{\(a_1\)} (2,2);
                      \draw[dashed,arrowMe=stealth](0,0)--node[below]{\(c\)}(2,2);
                      \draw (1,-.7) node{(c)};
                    \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}